How is 'institutional racism' defined?

Institutional racism is defined as racial discrimination that is embedded in the policies, practices, and procedures of institutions. This form of racism operates at a structural level and affects large groups of people, often without explicit intent or individual prejudice. It manifests in various sectors such as education, criminal justice, healthcare, and employment, leading to disparities in outcomes for different racial or ethnic groups.

The concept emphasizes how societal institutions can reinforce racial inequalities, making it difficult for affected groups to achieve equal opportunities or treatment. This deeper understanding highlights the systemic nature of racism, which goes beyond individual actions or beliefs, illustrating how it is perpetuated through institutional norms and practices. Identifying and addressing institutional racism is crucial for promoting equity and justice within society.