What does social mobility refer to?

Social mobility refers to the ability of individuals or groups to move within a social hierarchy, which can result in either upward or downward status movement. This concept is crucial in understanding how societies maintain and structure their social stratification. Upward mobility indicates a rise in social status, often associated with factors such as education, employment opportunities, and economic growth, while downward mobility refers to a decline, which may occur due to economic recession, job loss, or other societal shifts.

The focus of social mobility is on the relative social standing of individuals as compared to others in society. This movement can be influenced by a variety of factors, including systemic changes, individual choices, and intergenerational dynamics. By exploring social mobility, sociologists can gain insights into the flexibility and openness of a society regarding class structure and opportunities for personal advancement or decline.