What does 'urbanization' refer to?

Urbanization refers to the process through which an increasing number of people move from rural areas to urban centers, resulting in a growing population in cities. This movement is often driven by a variety of factors, including the pursuit of better employment opportunities, access to services, and enhanced living conditions. As more individuals migrate to urban areas, cities expand both in terms of physical space and population density, changing the social, economic, and cultural dynamics of these areas.

The focus on urbanization highlights not only the demographic shift but also the transformation of communities and the challenges associated with rapidly growing urban populations, such as housing, infrastructure needs, and social services. Understanding urbanization is crucial in sociology as it shapes livelihoods and lifestyles and influences social relations within the context of modern society.