What term describes the behavioral differences between males and females that are culturally based and socially learned?

The correct term that describes the behavioral differences between males and females that are culturally based and socially learned is "gender." This concept specifically refers to the roles, behaviors, activities, and expectations that society considers appropriate for men and women. Gender encompasses the social and cultural aspects of being male or female, which are shaped by societal norms and values rather than biological factors.

In contrast, "sex" refers to the biological and physiological characteristics that define humans as female or male, such as reproductive organs and chromosomes. "Identity" typically refers to a person's conception of themselves, which can include various aspects like personal beliefs and experiences but does not pertain specifically to the learned behaviors associated with being male or female. "Orientation" usually refers to sexual orientation and is related to the pattern of emotional, romantic, or sexual attraction one feels toward others, rather than the learned cultural behaviors of gender. Thus, gender captures the essence of socially constructed roles and expectations that differ based on one's perceived sex.