Which concept refers to barriers that restrict women in achieving leadership positions?

The concept that refers to barriers that restrict women from achieving leadership positions is the glass ceiling. This metaphor describes the invisible barriers that prevent women and other marginalized groups from advancing to top-level positions in various fields, despite having the qualifications or experience necessary for such roles. The glass ceiling highlights the inequalities in the workplace and the systemic factors that maintain gender disparities in leadership.

In contrast, the glass escalator refers to the advantages gained by men in female-dominated professions, where they tend to rise more quickly into leadership roles. The second shift relates to the additional domestic workload that women often take on after completing their workday, highlighting the challenges of balancing career and household responsibilities. Functionalism, on the other hand, is a theoretical perspective in sociology that examines society through the lens of each part's contribution to social stability and does not specifically address barriers to leadership for women.